Belyaeva N., и др. Хронология насекомых (ISBN 140200026X) (Springer, 2002) B , Belyaeva N., et al. History of insects (ISBN 140200026X)(Springer, 2002)(T)(530s)_B

Belyaeva N., и др. Хронология насекомых (ISBN 140200026X) (Springer, 2002) B

Belyaeva N., et al. History of insects (ISBN 140200026X)(Springer, 2002)(T)(530s)_B_.djvu

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Date Apr 18, 2006

Cites: It may be postulated that the colonisation of soil environment
was the next step after adaptation to the life in dense litter...
KUKALOVÁ-PECK (1983, 1985) suggests that aquatic nymphs of the
early mayflies were also predacious...
Among living holometabolans predatory
habits are common and occur in all orders even in cluding those
adapted to other modes of feeding (e.g...
The Middle and
Late Carboniferous terrestrial vertebrates are known from relatively few
localities; the Westphalian assemblages are more ecologically uniform
and more specific compared to the Stephanian faunas which demon-
strate more affinities with the Early Permian...
The latest Permian (Tatarian, between 253 and 248 Ma BP) insect fau-
nas are known mainly from East Europe, North Asia and the southern
continents (South Africa and Australia), that is from both northernmost
and southernmost parts of the Late Permian Pangea while the fauna of
lower latitudes is practically unknown...
In particular, the charac-
teristic lycopsid family Pleuromeiaceae appearing westwards in the
Early Triassic is not u n c ommon here...
Hence there were significant changes at the family and
even superfamily level in the taxonomic composition of the guild but
no uncompensated extinction is documented suggesting that the radia-
tion rate was constantly high...
Noteworthy is that the guilds less affected by the extinction
are those that were less vulnerable to air predation...
The euryptilonid Karaungirella Storozhenko is particu-
larly interesting because it is the only post-Ufimian member of the
family well represented in the Early Permian...
Their high taxo-
nomic diversity suggests that they should also have been biologically
diverse, and that some of them probably belonged to extinct life forms...
In Siberia there are several dozens of
localities, mostly assigned to the Toarcian-Aalenian but also including
several important younger, Middle and Late Jurassic sites (reviewed by
ZHERIKHIN 1985)...
Insect assemblages change dramatically near the Early/Late
Cretaceous boundary, and thus the Late Cretaceous is considered
separately here...
The sucking pollinivore guild was probably of a minor importance
in the Triassic and was represented by the primitive lophioneurid
Thripida; later more advanced aeolothripoid (since the Latest Triassic)
and thripoid (since the Jurassic) thrips were added...
The majority of Mesozoic genera of those families
belong to extinct subfamilies but the extant nemonychid subfamily
Rhinorhynchinae living mainly on araucarians is represented in the
Early Cretaceous (Santana in Brazil, undescribed)...
KRISTENSEN (1997) regards this mode of
life as autapomorphic and believes that the ancestral lepidopterans had
soil-dwelling larvae that fed on mosses, litter and fungal hyphae like
modern micropterigids...
Perhaps, this mode of attraction was widespread in the
early angiosperms, and a search of insect body surface for pollen
grains would be more informative in respect of their probable role in
pollination rather than studies on intestinal contents...
In particular, the affinities between the Mesozoic Nilssoniaceae and
Cycadales are disputable...
KRASSILOV (1974, 1975, 1977,
1989, 1997) has called this process angiospermisation because those
features occur in the angiosperms as well...
At present this
type of interrelations occurs between the cycads and beetles (mainly
weevils) as well as between diverse angiosperms and herbivorous
beetles (BRUCH 1923, GOTTSBERGER 1970, CROWSON 1988), flies
(PELLMYR 1988), moths (BRANTJES 1976a,b, POWELL 1984) a nd wasps
(RAMIREZ 1974, WIEBES 1979, 1986)...